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INDEPENDENT RESEARCH · LAW / ENERGY / INFRASTRUCTUREUS × CHINA / FIELDNOTES No. 01

SHARED TOPICS / RESEARCH ATLAS

Flexibility & reliability

One question, across law, projects, contracts and research.

New evidence · 19 October 2026

NEWFERC: PJM Large Load Registry accepted; IRAS and BYONC rejected
NEWUnlocking AI Data Center Interconnection Capacity Through Coordinated Grid and Data Center Flexibility

Grid access Cost & risk Power supply Flexibility & reliability Land & permits Environment & efficiency Finance & ownership Research methods

LAW

37 documents

United States · 1.1.2

PJM large-load show-cause order

United States · 1.1.3

SPP large-load show-cause order

United States · 1.1.4

NYISO large-load show-cause order

United States · 1.1.5

MISO large-load show-cause order

United States · 1.1.6

CAISO large-load show-cause order

United States · 1.1.7

ISO-NE large-load show-cause order

United States · 1.1.8

Order directing computational-load reliability standards

United States · 1.1.10

Large Loads Action Plan

United States · 1.1.11

Proposed computational-load registry criteria summary

United States · 1.1.12

Computational-load standards development authorization

United States · 1.1.13

NERC announcement of the CEO letter on large-load actions

United States · 1.1.15

10 U.S.C. § 2921

United States · 1.1.17

DOE emergency order on PJM backup resources

United States · 1.1.18

Federal Power Act jurisdiction, rates, adequacy, emergency authority and review

United States · 1.1.20

Southwest Power Pool, Inc., Order Accepting Tariff Revisions Subject to Condition

United States · 1.1.21

Southwest Power Pool, Inc., Order Accepting CHILLS Tariff Revisions Subject to Condition

United States · 1.1.24

PJM Interconnection, L.L.C., Order Rejecting Amended Interconnection Service Agreement

United States · 1.1.26

DOE's Use of Federal Power Act Emergency Authority

United States · 1.1.28

Level 3 Computational Load Alert

United States · 1.3.2

Operative AEP Ohio Data Center Tariff

United States · 1.4.1

Texas S.B. 6 large-load statute

United States · 1.4.2

ERCOT Batch Zero process

United States · 1.4.4

Governor of Texas data-center audit directive

United States · 1.5.2

Va. Code § 10.1-1322.6 — Data-center engine-generator permit limits

Energy Law of the People's Republic of China

Basic Rules for Electricity Market Operation

Power Demand-Side Management Measures (2023)

Power Load Management Measures (2023)

Interim Measures for Power Reliability Management

Guiding Opinions on Accelerating Virtual Power Plants

China · 2.2.12

Special Action Plan for Green and Low-Carbon Development of Data Centers

China · 2.2.13

Implementation Opinions on East Data–West Compute and the National Integrated Computing Network

China · 2.2.20

Regulation on Emergency Response, Investigation and Handling of Electric Power Safety Accidents

China · 2.2.21

Revised Regulation on Emergency Response, Investigation and Handling of Electric Power Safety Accidents

China · 2.2.22

Administrative Litigation Law of the People’s Republic of China

China · 2.2.27

Notice issuing the Basic Rules for the Medium- and Long-Term Electricity Market

Fuzhou public-complaint transfer and inspected-entity disposition table, Batch 15

PROJECT

2 documents

United States · 1.4.1

xAI Colossus

Zhongjin Wulanchabu Zero-Carbon Compute Base

CONTRACT

1 documents

NDRC/NEA 2026 multi-user green direct-connection architecture

ACADEMIC

23 documents

United States · 1.1.1

Allocating Electricity

United States · 1.1.4

Electricity Rate Designs for Large Loads: Evolving Practices and Opportunities 2026 Update

United States · 1.1.5

Revisiting the Relationship Between Demand Growth and Electricity Prices

United States · 1.3.2

Data center demand response: Avoiding the coincident peak via workload shifting and local generation

United States · 1.3.3

AI data centres as grid-interactive assets

United States · 1.3.4

Flexible data centers reduce power system costs but can increase emissions

United States · 1.6.2

The Role of the U.S. Electric Distribution System in Serving Data Center and Other Large Loads

United States · 1.6.3

Governing the Energy Bottleneck

United States · 1.6.4

Rethinking Load Growth: Assessing the Potential for Integration of Large Flexible Loads in US Power Systems

United States · 1.6.5

The Role of Flexible Connection in Accelerating Load Interconnection in Distribution Networks

United States · 1.6.6

To Defer or To Shift? The Role of AI Data Center Flexibility on Grid Interconnection

United States · 1.7.1

Grid Reliability Through Clean Energy

United States · 1.7.2

Climate Resilience and Private Law's Duty to Adapt

United States · 1.7.3

Quantifying AI data center flexibility as a resource adequacy asset

Data-Center Energy-Efficiency Cases and Energy-Saving Operation

Optimization of Computing-Power and Electricity Synergy Considering Diverse Green-Electricity Consumption Modes and Spatiotemporal Flexibility

Regulatory Dilemmas in the Development of China's Artificial Intelligence Computing-Power Industry and Paths for Resolution

Five Key Problems and Governance Strategies in the Integrated Construction of China's National Computing-Power System

Coordinated Operation of Data Centers and Power Systems in the Context of the Energy Internet (II): Opportunities and Challenges

Bidirectional Collaborative Optimization Scheduling of Adjustable Resources in Computing and Power Nodes

Why Computing–Electricity Coordination Has Not Scaled in Practice

Global & comparative · 3.1.1

Opportunities and challenges for data center demand response

Global & comparative · 3.1.2

Carbon-Aware Computing for Datacenters

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