02 / RESEARCH ATLAS

INDEPENDENT RESEARCH · LAW / ENERGY / INFRASTRUCTUREUS × CHINA / FIELDNOTES No. 01

One demand.
Two legal orders.

US electricity regulation divides authority across federal and state institutions. China’s computing-hub policy links national spatial planning with local implementation. Compare how each allocates access, costs and public obligations.

New evidence · 19 October 2026

Newly added to the research atlas. Source publication dates and evidence status appear in each record.

Follow where the law guides.

Research corpus: 6–7 September 2026; approved primary-source additions reviewed 19 October 2026. Each document appears once; its provisions and original record IDs are preserved inside. Shared topics connect the four collections.

1. United States

45 documents

1.1 Federal & regional grid institutions

1.1.1PJM co-location order2 provisions / source records

Grid access Cost & risk

1.1.1.1 Co-location and transmission-service architecture

Internal source tag US-R001

Authority: Federal Energy Regulatory Commission
Instrument: Agency final order under FPA § 206
Issued: 2025-12-18
Status at corpus cutoff: MODIFIED/SET ASIDE IN PART by 195 FERC ¶ 61,209 (2026); further compliance required, with selected deadlines extended to 2026-11-16; implementation incomplete at the 2026-09-06 cutoff
Pinpoint: 193 FERC ¶ 61,217, PP 2–4, 164; Ordering Paragraphs
Recorded legal proposition: FERC found PJM's tariff unjust and unreasonable for lack of clear co-location terms and directed three transmission-service options plus process revisions.
Scope: Commission-jurisdictional transmission and generator-interconnection service; not plenary retail-load siting.
Evidence limit: Implementation outcomes are not established by legal text alone.
Corpus review: Second-pass QA checked record/source linkage, legal-status qualification and resolved comparative use. Limit the proposition to the cited pinpoint and stated evidence gap.

One demand.Two legal orders.

New evidence · 19 October 2026

1. United States

1.1 Federal & regional grid institutions

1.1.1.1 Co-location and transmission-service architecture

1.1.1.2 Cost allocation for BTM and co-located load

1.1.9.1 Strategic status and federal permitting acceleration

1.1.9.2 Project qualification and legal limits

1.1.18.1 Federal emergency authority

1.1.18.2 Administrative rehearing and judicial review

1.1.18.3 Jurisdiction and duty-to-serve allocation

1.1.18.4 Rate filing and nondiscrimination

1.1.18.5 Tariff correction and status discipline

1.1.18.6 Adequate interstate service

1.2 Georgia

1.2.1.1 Large-load contract and cost protection

1.2.1.2 Procedure and implementation transparency

1.3 Ohio

1.3.2.1 Long-term commitment and stranded-cost protection

1.3.2.2 Behind-the-meter generation and contract capacity

1.3.2.3 Generation procurement and service-election readiness

1.4 Texas

1.4.1.1 Large-load classification, maturity, and study

1.4.1.2 Connection cost and cancellation risk

1.4.1.3 Emergency curtailment and backup deployment

1.5 Virginia

1.5.1.1 Generation adequacy and transmission constraints

1.5.1.2 Environmental and community legitimacy

1.5.4.1 Large-load rate classification

1.5.4.2 Long-term commitment and collateral

1.5.4.3 Procedure and future interconnection review

2. China

2.1 National — departmental rules

2.2 National — laws, rules and standards

2.2.1.1 Strategic competence, planning, and access

2.2.1.2 Strategic energy governance and market organization

2.2.1.3 Green-energy obligation and measurement

2.2.1.4 Energy emergency and resilience

2.2.1.5 Network access disputes and statutory enforcement

2.2.2.1 Electricity-market actors and access

2.2.2.2 Market duties and system responsibility

2.2.4.1 Demand response and flexible load

2.2.4.2 Orderly electricity use and cost principles

2.2.5.1 Load management and controllability

2.2.5.2 Curtailment priority and implementation

2.2.8.1 Single-user green-power direct connection

2.2.8.2 Direct-connection cost and reliability responsibility

2.2.8.3 Green-claim authenticity

2.2.9.1 Multi-user green direct connection and project structure

2.2.9.2 Multi-user project as system participant

2.2.10.1 Green-certificate issuance and title

2.2.10.2 Self-use, storage and certificate limitations

2.2.12.1 National data-center green/low-carbon targets

2.2.12.2 Energy-compute coordination

2.2.13.1 Compute geography and national hub concentration

2.2.13.2 Compute-electricity coordination

2.2.18.1 Energy review and carbon evaluation as project gate

2.2.18.2 Change control, acceptance and enforcement

2.2.25.1 Application and readiness

2.2.25.2 Process timing and connection

2.2.25.3 Technical readiness and enforceability

2.3 National — policy instruments

2.4 Provincial & local — Beijing

2.4.1.1 Local data-center energy review and PUE

2.4.1.2 Project maturity, demand evidence and utilization discipline

2.4.1.3 Cooling-water and resource-management conditions

2.5 Provincial & local — Beijing / Beijing Economic-Technological Development Area (Yizhuang New Town)

2.6 Provincial & local — Fujian / Fuzhou

2.6.1.1 Operational noise and backup-generator smoke

2.6.1.2 Construction noise and dust

2.7 Provincial & local — Guizhou / Gui'an New Area

2.8 Provincial & local — Nanjing, Jiangsu

2.9 Provincial & local — Ningxia / Zhongwei / Shapotou District

2.10 Provincial & local — Shaanxi / Xixian New Area, Fengxi New City

2.11 Provincial & local — Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region

2.12 Provincial & local — Yunnan Province

2.13 Provincial & local — Zhengzhou, Henan

Follow the forcesbehind AI.

One demand.
Two legal orders.

Follow the forces
behind AI.